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Free Body Diagram Builder

About this tool

Interactive single-segment free body diagram with live equilibrium calculations. Choose a preset (elbow, ankle, or knee), then use the sliders to manipulate the geometry and see how the muscle force required changes in real time.

  • The key insight — move the muscle insertion closer to the joint and the required muscle force shoots up. Human joints are built for speed and range of motion, not mechanical advantage.
  • Equilibrium check — ΣFx, ΣFy, and ΣM should all sit at zero (green) when the calculation is correct. They are, because the joint reaction force is calculated to balance the diagram.
  • Sign convention — anti-clockwise moments positive, +x rightward, +y upward.

Preset

Geometry

Muscle

External load

Required muscle force
N
— × bodyweight
Mechanical advantage
Muscle moment arm / Load moment arm
Joint reaction force
N
Segment
Muscle force
Weight (segment + load)
Joint reaction force
Moment arm
Equilibrium check (should all be ≈ 0)
ΣFx0.00 N
ΣFy0.00 N
ΣM about joint0.00 N·m
Try this: Slowly drag the insertion distance slider from 4 cm down to 1 cm. Watch the required muscle force climb steeply — at 1 cm the biceps must pull with several times the force it would need at a more distal insertion. This is the trade-off the human elbow makes: short moment arm (low mechanical advantage) in exchange for fast hand velocity and wide range of motion.